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 Transformer     


A transformer is a passive electrical device that is used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through the process of electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary windings, wrapped around a common magnetic core. When an alternating current (AC) voltage is applied to the primary winding, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary winding.


Transformers are commonly used in power distribution systems to step up or step down the voltage of an alternating current. In step-up transformers, the voltage is increased on the secondary side, which allows power to be transmitted over long distances with less loss due to resistance. In step-down transformers, the voltage is decreased on the secondary side, which is used in power supplies to reduce the voltage from the power source to a level suitable for use in electronic devices.



Transformers are also used in audio applications, such as in audio amplifiers, where they can be used to match the impedance of the input and output circuits. They are also used in high-frequency applications such as in radio transmitters and receivers, where they are used to couple energy between circuits while blocking direct currents.


The performance of a transformer depends on factors such as the number of turns in the windings, the size and shape of the core, the frequency of the AC voltage, and the material used for the core. Transformers are available in a wide range of sizes, from small transformers used in electronic devices to large power transformers used in electrical power systems.


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